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MICRO-RNA-155 IS OVER EXPRESSED IN DS
What are MICRORNAS
MicroRNAs (mRNAs) constitute a recently discovered class of non-coding RNAs that play key roles in the regulation of gene expression. Acting at the post-transcriptional level, these fascinating molecules may fine-tune the expression of as much as 30% of all mammalian protein-encoding genes.
For a complete description of these non protein encoding RNAs please see the following.
Several of these are mapped to the critical region of chromosome 21 and are over expressed in Down syndrome. The result is a myriad of associated diseases, protein disruptions, and complications including neuro inflammation, leaky blood brain barrier, auto immune diseases, skin disorders and even leukemia and some cancers. In fact, breast cancer, association with mRNA-155, is one of the very few solid tumor malignancies found in adult women with DS. They are heavily implicated in cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it is imperative that we address this RNA by down regulation.
Down regulation can be accomplished several ways but with very few and specific substances. These substances are of a unique chemical composition and structure that they interfere with the transcription of gene products and, in this case, MicroRNAs. In order to inhibit or down regulate a gene (to bring the levels down to normal) a substance acts to halt the creation of a gene product or RNA or to inhibit the gene product at a receptor site. This method is perfected by antagonists.
MicroRNA-155 is over expressed in DS, there are three active copies rather than the normal two. In order to down regulate this mRNA we must interact with the mRNA that regulates it, MicroRNA-633. The only known natural or food source substance demonstrated by research that is capable of doing this is the Polyphenol, Resveratrol. Resveratrol is a substance refined from grape skins or from a plant called Japanese Knotweed. Resveratrol has been studied extensively and is safe in approved dosages and effective not only in down regulation of this Micro-RNA but in a recent study in Spain by Rosa Anna Vacca et. al. the combination of Resveratrol and a plant catichen, EGCG derived mostly from green tea, worked in concert to improve mitochondrial function which is impaired in DS.
The following peer reviewed, published studies will help you understand the implications of over expressed mRNA-155.
Most citations are taken from the NLM data base and are in the public domain.
Molecule of the month: mRNA and Down Syndrome
MicroRNAs and intellectual disability (ID) in Down syndrome, X-linked ID, and Fragile X syndrome
miRNA-155 up-regulation and complement factor H (CFH) deficits in Down’s Syndrome.
Analysis of microRNA expression profile by small RNA sequencing in Down syndrome fetuses.
Integrated miRNA and mRNA expression profiling in fetal hippocampus with Down syndrome
MicroRNA-155 negatively affects blood–brain barrier function during neuroinflammation
Why inflammation leads to a leaky blood-brain barrier: MicroRNA-155
MicroRNA-155 contributes to shear-resistant leukocyte adhesion to human brain endothelium in vitro
Studies in Resveratrol
Resveratrol, MicroRNAs, Inflammation, and Cancer
Resveratrol Down Regulates MicroRNAs
The polyphenols resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate restore the severe impairment of mitochondria in hippocampal progenitor cells from a Down syndrome mouse model
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